Shakespeare skilfully weaves political Essay Example for Free

Shakespeare skilfully weaves political Essay Shakespeares aim in Act 1 is to establish Hamlet firmly as the pivotal character in the play What do you see as the importance of Act 1? Shakespeare does use Act 1 to introduce some important political and personal issues and themes to the audience. It is important that these are established in the first act so that the audience are aware not only of the political state of Denmark but also the state of the personal affairs of the main characters of the play. There is a lot of evidence to support this first statement concerning political themes and issues. The state of Denmark is immediately established as an unhealthy political body. This is commented upon by many characters, either directly something is rotten in the state of Denmark or as part of a general feeling of unwell I am sick at heart. This theme of political malaise is also shown through the behaviour of the King and Queen. According to Hamlet, they drink so much that other countries clepe [them] drunkards. Drinking alcohol excessively is unhealthy for the body and as Claudius and Gertrude represent the body politic of Denmark, this shows another sign of malaise and weakness of Denmark politically. The actions of the King and Queen offer another political issue as Claudius is not the rightful king of Denmark. He has usurped the rightful King by murder and has therefore gone against the will of God and only tragedy and ruin can come from the rein of this immoral king. We also learn in this act that Claudius is a hypocrite, Hamlet calls him smiling damned villain, and he proves himself to be an untrustworthy king. This is also shown through the behaviour of the citizens as the audience immediately get a strong sense of mistrust and unease from the first scene as there are cries of Whos there? Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself The presence of a ghost also reflects a sense of unease as Old Hamlet is stuck in purgatory and therefore cannot rest. Not only are political themes addressed in the first act but current political issues are raised as well. Shakespeare uses Claudius speech to update the audience on what is going on in Denmark. We understand there is a threat from Fortinbras who is seeking revenge against Denmark, but whether or not this is a serious threat we cannot tell as the King is not trustworthy. He makes the threat seem small and insignificant but other characters talk of preparation that point towards what would seem to be a war or some form of military action. An imminent war also supports the theme of political unrest and uncertainty. Personal issues and themes are raised as well in the first act. The most intriguing being the issue of Hamlets personal wellbeing. From the beginning he appears to be a very troubled individual, he starts his opening soliloquy with the line o that this too too sallied flesh would melt showing an incline towards suicidal feelings and depression-not without just cause though. He exists within a dysfunctional family unit and has just suffered the loss of his father for whom only he appears to be grieving for. He says in this act I do not set my life at a pins fee showing he has no value upon his own life. This points towards self destructive behaviour and as we learn he must seek to avenge his fathers murder, we wonder to what extremes he will go to. In this act we are also introduced to a lot of different characters and the relationships they have with each other. There is the forbidden, but passionate relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia. As to the nature of the relationship it appears that it is doomed as her brother and her father warn her against it. This could be because they know the intensity of it as her father talks about when the blood burns and blazes. It could be because Hamlet is a unpredictable character a puffed and reckless libertine and heir to the throne, and Ophelia is somewhat nai ve you speak like a green girl and therefore susceptible to him. It raises the issue and theme of love but at the same time tragedy as it appears doomed from the beginning. Another destructive relationship we see in Act 1 is that between Claudius and Gertrude. Together they are a pair of traitors, Hamlet calls Gertrude o most pernicious woman and Claudius is referred to, by Old Hamlet as that incestuous, that adulterous beast. Through their relationship the theme of betrayal is portrayed as they have both betrayed Old Hamlet by murdering him and through damned incest. As a result of this we learn of Hamlets broken relationship with his mother and the forced, false relationship with Claudius which reflects the on-going theme of appearance versus reality. There is also the personal issue of brotherly betrayal and going against nature, as it is described as unnatural, which is reminiscent of the biblical story of Cane and Abel. And also the devoted relationship between Hamlet and his father which is put to the test as Old Hamlet requests that Hamlet avenge his death. At first Hamlet is eager to do this Haste me to knowt that I with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge but later views it as more of a burden The time is out of joint; O cursed spite that ever I was born to set it right but nevertheless feels it is his duty to his father. A similar devotion, tinged with sadness and disappointment is the relationship between Old Hamlet and Gertrude. Although it seems Gertrude has forgotten about Old Hamlet within a month, ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears had left the flushing in her galled eyes, she married it seems that Old Hamlet still has affections for her. He warns Hamlet taint not thy mind nor let thy soul contrive against thy mother aught showing that he does not wish Hamlet to hurt or alter his attitude towards his mother is his quest for revenge. Yet his disappointment and hurt is clear as he calls her my most seeming-virtuous Queen. In support of the second statement, Shakespeare also uses Act 1 to establish Hamlet firmly as the pivotal character in the play. He is immediately established as the character who has the ability to drive the plot. He is entrusted with a mission from his dead father and the audience are left at the end of Act1, anticipating what he will do. What happens in the rest of the play largely depends on Hamlets actions. He is the only character so far that the ghost talks to, which shows that Hamlet is an important character and a pivot in the play around which the plot and characters revolve. Not only is Hamlet central to the plot of the play, Shakespeare also uses him to characterise many themes and issues as he is an intriguing character with an added depth that other characters do not have, which is created through Shakespeares use of soliloquies. In act1 alone he has two soliloquies, which permit the audience insight into his personality and innermost thoughts. Yet despite this he still unreliable as he proves to be a mentally unstable character and his actions still provoke many questions. Through this, the theme of appearance versus reality and acting are explored through the character of Hamlet. His supposed ill mental health also represents the theme of sickness and disease that has already been established as a main theme, and of course the theme of madness. Hamlet is singled out through the use of visuals as well as he is the only one on stage wearing black while Claudius is giving his uplifting, motivating speech Good Hamlet, cast thy knighted colour off. This is to reflect Hamlet as being alone in his grief and mourning for his father which also raises the issue of family relationships. The fact that he is the true heir to the throne, and the rightful King of Denmark now that his father is dead, also puts Hamlet at the forefront of the play He is automatically in the centre of many themes that surround this issue of betrayal and revenge. Many relationships centre around Hamlet as well, as depicted in the earlier argument, and sub plots arise from this, for example the forbidden love of Hamlet and Ophelia. I think the importance of Act 1 is summarised by both these statements. Political and personal themes and issues are raised and affirmed and so is the character of Hamlet. Shakespeare does this to introduce the tragic tone of the play and introduce important issues and themes. The main plot of revenge is also established in Act 1, as are the sub plots like the relationship between Ophelia and Hamlet and the threat of war or attack from Fortinbras. Characters are established and now that the audience are aware of all this, they are able to follow the action that ensues in the remainder of the play.

My Arrest and Rebirth :: Law College Admissions Essays

My Arrest and Rebirth With great embarrassment and pain, I must tell you that I have once been arrested; it was over a fight with my brother Jacob. The police attribute Jake's behavior to chemical dependence; my parents blame it on some unknown incident while he was at school. I don't know, myself; I do know that I returned from Israel to find Jake had taken over my room, as well as anything else in the house he could manipulate or control. The TV, VCR and computer were his absolute domain; I missed a calculus final because he took the car without permission. He refused to engage in any conversation at all with my parents. His "conversations" with me and Sol were primarily a barrage of put-downs and insults. He kept lists of "crimes" other people had committed, for which he sought revenge, by stealing things or just hiding them. Nothing was secure or safe at home; I didn't feel secure or safe there. Home was worse hell than the army had ever been. How can I explain how traumatic this was for me? Imagine being asleep on the sofa (the only bed I had) and being awakened in the middle of the night by the blasting of the TV. If I complained, I would be either ignored or screamed at. If I pretended interest, he would start changing channels, or switch to the stereo. If I called my parents, my "crime" got added to his list for later revenge. I pleaded with my parents to intervene, but they just called me selfish; couldn't I see that I had a sick brother, that I had to "help" him by tolerating his behavior until he magically got well? "Magically" because we couldn't seek any help; that would require letting an "outsider" know We had a problem. After he beat up my brother Sol, my father ordered Jake to leave until he cooled off, the first time he had ever intervened. But Jake called my father's bluff; he disappeared for two weeks. This pattern of violence, abusiveness, drinking and disappearing escalated throughout the summer. After one particularly violent outburst, I finally tried to show my parents that by refusing to deal with Jake's illness, they were hurting Sol and me. I staged a suicide attempt with sugar pills I had placed in an aspirin bottle.

Customs Union

Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: The Customs Union for Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus is a purposeful union, which serves to meet several aims. II. Body A. In the light of common aspiration to the WTO accession, it is worth of examining why preference of states was given to multilateral over preferential trade. B. The idea of the multilateral cooperation and creation of a common economic space, elimination of borders and regional integration is not new in the post-Soviet space. 1. â€Å"Putinomics† an attempt of Putin to bring back Soviet Union and Russian supremacy; 2. â€Å"Eurasian Union† similar to â€Å"ASEAN†;C. In theory, customs unions are created to eliminate the trade barriers and decrease customs obligations between several states. 1. It requires confidence in partners and share of responsibilities; 2. single economic region; D. There are many different assumptions why Customs Union was created. 1. supremacy of Russia over the territory of th e former Soviet states; 2. a strategic step in the WTO accession; 3. reduction of Chinese influence and prevent massive imports of Chinese goods; 4. beneficial for entrepreneurs and domestic production enterprises; 5. fair competition; 6. ffective legal protection against corrupt schemes and fraud mechanisms; E. Several other post-Soviet neighboring states were also invited to join the club. 1. The Ukraine; 2. Tajikistan; 3. Kyrgyzstan; F. It is noteworthy of saying that pre-existing Customs Union trade relations and economic ties cannot be described as dynamic ones. 1. statistical numbers; G. An interesting observation is that â€Å"with few exceptions, all the countries bordering the Western fringes of the former Soviet Union have intensified their trade relations with the European Union as well as with China, whose importance in Central Asian trade has been growing. . statistical data; H. Official Astana firmly defended its position on the Customs Union accession, and denied any political motivations behind the membership of the alliance with Russia and Belarus. 1. a unified customs territory would make Kazakhstan even more attractive for foreign investors; 2. geopolitical position, as the largest land-locked country; 3. access to global markets; 4. expand trade with Russia and China; 5. diversity of economy through technological and service advances; I. Belarusian position toward the Customs Union brought many obstacles. 1. â€Å"arm-twisting† politics of the Kremlin; 2. Russian pressure;J. At first it seemed that Russia benefited from creation of the Customs Union more than others, as it has the largest market and biggest production industries. 1. diversification of opinions; K. What does the World Trade Organization is? 1. a network of agreements; 2. a single system, which regulates trade relations of members; 3. advantages and requirements; L. The decision to create the Customs Union between three states could signal willingness to engage in dee per cooperation and integration, and thus, the WTO accession provides access to more states willing to cooperate and a platform for finding new â€Å"friends†. . advantages and disadvantages of being a member of WTO; M. Russia was the only Security Council and G8 member not on the WTO, thus its accession was a requirement to be fully admitted as one of the superpowers. 1. further policy of Russia toward Kazakhstan and Belarus; III. Conclusion Creation of the Customs Union between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan caused a lot of debates about why these countries are forming the union, what are the benefits that they get and why exactly these states?First of all, I would like to define the meaning of â€Å"Customs Union†. According to Business Dictionary â€Å"Customs Union is an agreement  between two or more (usually neighboring)  countries to remove  trade barriers, and reduce or eliminate  customs duty on  mutual trade. A customs union (unlike a  free trad e area) generally imposes a  common external-tariff (CTF) on  imports from non-member countries and (unlike a  common market) generally does not allow  free  movement of  capital and  labor among member countries† (Business Dictionary. com, n. d. ).In part, debates were around preference of regional over multilateral trade, as for many years Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan aspired to join the World Trade Organization (WTO); therefore, creation of the Customs Union was at first seen as an alternative to the WTO accession. However, just after the ratification of the Customs Union charter and all relevant agreements, Russia joins WTO club and leaves the rest to wonder what is going to happen to the Customs Union. The Customs Union for Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus is a purposeful union, which serves to meet several aims.In the light of common aspiration to the WTO accession, it is worth of examining why preference of states was given to multilateral over preferenti al trade. In particular what pre-conditions existed prior to the Customs Union creation that inspired Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan to create the Union and what benefits it provided that three states could not obtain by joining the WTO only? The idea of the multilateral cooperation and creation of a common economic space, elimination of borders and regional integration is not new in the post-Soviet space.Adelaja (2012) asserts that a number of political scientists and former Soviet Republics believe in so called â€Å"Putinomics† – an attempt of Putin to bring back Soviet Union and Russian supremacy (p. 1). It is difficult to label the Customs Union creation an attempt to bring back the Soviet Union and expansion of the Russian authority over the territory of the former Soviet states. However, the countries are clearly bound by the common past that unlike others (Ukraine, Turkmenistan) makes Kazakhstan and Belarus seek for cooperation with Russia. According to Eurasia n Union (n. d. , another regional cooperation the idea of â€Å"Eurasian Union† belongs to Nursultan Nazarbaev, the idea is to create a union similar to ASEAN (p. 3). After collapse of the Soviet Union, states tend to isolate themselves from their post-Soviet neighbors and especially from Russia. In part, it happens due to unwillingness to cooperate with possibly depending neighbors and also due to the aspiration to get rid of rudiments of the Soviet centralized economy that intentionally established mutual dependence of the Union states. Thus, existing regional organizations are not effective in terms of policy implementation.CIS and EurAsEC could become a platform for negotiations and decision making over regional integration. However, states are reluctant to give up their sovereignty and create supranational body authorized to decide on behalf of its member states. Instead, states were defining their foreign policies depending on national interest and regional integration was not one of them. Thus, Customs Union between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan could become first real and effectively operating regional cooperation body, where states would indeed execute provisions of signed agreements and declarations.In theory, customs unions are created to eliminate the trade barriers and decrease customs obligations between several states. It requires confidence in partners and share of responsibilities. Initially, the Customs Union was created and signed by Kazakhstan and Russia. Belarus was negotiating its interests with Russia and postponed ratification of the agreement until July 2011. To illustrate the advantages of the union, official media was speculating with huge market that the Customs Union opens for three states. The union has a population of 167 million, a total GDP of USD 2 trillion and goods turnover of USD 900 billion. The aim of the Customs Union is to create a single economic region and eliminate the state borders and to facilitate the free dom of movement† (Krotov, 2010, p. 1). According to Prajakti and Varadzhakov (2012), further to demonstrate that the Customs Union brings advantages not only to Russia, official media reported Kazakhstan agriculture and steel sectors will benefit from newly introduced import duties for non-Customs Union member states (p. ). In addition, Kazakh and Belarus obtained access to Russian labor market. In general, the Customs Union agreements should have improved quality of goods, increase competition and help diversify economies of three states. There are many different assumptions why Customs Union was created. Some see hidden agenda and conspiracy behind creation of the union. Opponents of the Customs Union claim that it only benefits Russia and establishes its supremacy over the territory of the former Soviet states.Zlatkin (2012) comments that opponents also interpret Belarus unwillingness to join the union as a rebellion against Russia, and say that in the end Belarus was force d to join the union. Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus (2012) Russian supporters say that the creation of the Customs Union was a strategic step in the WTO accession, as it was obvious that Russia will become a member first and then it will promote its partners in the WTO accession (p. 1). In the end, they add that Russia needs reliable partners and friends in the WTO and promotion of Kazakhstan and Belarus interests still benefits Russia.Russia, Belarus, Kazakh (2012) claim that the Customs Union was created to reduce Chinese influence and prevent massive imports of Chinese goods (p. 1). Other reasons are less sophisticated and mostly indicate economic benefits that three states obtain from participation in the union. â€Å"Eurasian Development Bank study released, that the effects of economic integration of 2011 – 2030 will reach 14% of gross domestic product of Belarus, 3. 5% in Kazakhstan, and Russia (2%)† (Russia, Belarus, Kazakh, 2012, p. ). The Customs Union was also said to be beneficial for entrepreneurs and domestic production enterprises, as they got greater market access, fair competition and effective legal protection against corrupt schemes and fraud mechanisms. Decreased trade barriers should have contributed to the free movement of goods and services between three countries, and improved quality of products. Russia, Belarus, Kazakh (2012) states that in total, Customs Union opened access to about 170 million consumers (p. ). Several other post-Soviet neighboring states were also invited to join the club. In particular they were Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan. None of three Central Asian countries have fully considered and started the Customs Union accession negotiations. Ukraine was assessing and comparing its benefits from the Customs Union versus WTO accession, as well as waiting for the decision on Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with the European Union.Adilaja (2012) asserts that in a while, official Kiev pr eferred to abandon its plans on the Customs Union accession negotiations, saying that this will destroy its ongoing negotiations with the European Union. According to Russia’s Inevitable (2012) asserts that for Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, membership in the Custom Union would have brought access to the labor market and increase cooperation in the field of the energy resources supply with Russia and Kazakhstan (p. 2).Although, Kyrgyzstan is currently a member of the WTO, its historical ties and economic dependency on Russian energy resources contributed to its willingness to join another union with Russia. It is noteworthy of saying that pre-existing Customs Union trade relations and economic ties cannot be described as dynamic ones. â€Å"European Union Institute for Security Studies describes trade relations between Customs Union member states prior to the Customs Union creation. In particular, share of intra-CU trade to the total amount of trade of CU-member states within th ree years prior to CU creation.Thus, 48. 1% of Belarusian the total amount of trade in 2008 accounts for Russia and Kazakhstan. While only 7. 3% of Russian trade turnover in 2008 accounts for Belarus and Kazakhstan. And 18. 8% of the total volume of Kazakhstan trade turnover accounted for Russia and Belarus in the same period. 2009 indicators did not change significantly, but in 2010, the year of establishment of the Customs Union, the share of intra-customs union trade of Russia dropped† (Zagorski, 2012, p. 5).An interesting observation is that â€Å"with few exceptions, all the countries bordering the Western fringes of the former Soviet Union have intensified their trade relations with the European Union as well as with China, whose importance in Central Asian trade has been growing. There is a trend that between 41 and 45% of Russian exports to former Soviet states are currently comprised of energy resources, while 39 percent of its imports consist of machines and equipme nt† (Adelaja, 2012, p. ). These facts makes many experts doubt trade relations of the Customs Union states; while others suggest that the Customs Union could become a fundamental change in relations between former Soviet states and that become a push to growth in trade. The figures mentioned above, as well as the fact that post-Soviet states were reluctant to form another union, made the decision to establish the Customs Union look spontaneous and unjustified.However, throughout the whole process of negotiations and ratification of the Customs Union policies and implementation of the necessary procedures, official governments were justifying their decision to create a union and finding new benefits of the participation in the regional cooperation between three states. Although not all of them played in a concert, all three were citing economic benefits that countries obtain from the participation in the regional union. Official Astana firmly defended its position on the Custom s Union accession, and denied any political motivations behind the membership of the alliance with Russia and Belarus.Kazakhstan officials were speculating that â€Å"a unified customs territory would make Kazakhstan even more attractive for foreign investors who have considered Kazakhstan as one of the most attractive markets in our part of the world† (Accession to the WTO, n. d. , p. 1). Kazakhstan also speculated over its geopolitical position, as the largest land-locked country and the state with the most number of transit routes that will ensure large income from transit tariffs.For Kazakhstan the membership in the Customs Union will increase access to global markets, expand trade with Russia and China, and diversity of economy through technological and service advances. Belarusian position toward the Customs Union brought many obstacles. Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko has openly complained about the â€Å"arm-twisting† politics of the Kremlin, saying t hat his country had been under pressure to cede control of some of its juiciest companies like Belarusian potassium company (Belkali) and Belarus’ state-run Minsk Automobile Plant (MAZ) unless the country joined the union. â€Å"Given the importance of ‘champion enterprises’ such as MAZ and Belkali for Belarus or Gazprom for Russia, it is still unclear how the states can agree on regulating these enterprises with supranational institutions, especially when they are governed not by economic, but by political logic,† said George Plaschinsky, an associate analyst at the Center for European Transformation in Minsk. â€Å"Previously the Russian authorities had an experience of imposing different decisions on gas and oil companies in order to achieve some political aims and assert them as the ‘energy superpower. † (Russia’s Customs Union, 2012, p. 2). At first it seemed that Russia benefited from creation of the Customs Union more than others , as it has the largest market and biggest production industries. Experts suggested that some competition from Kazakh and Belarusian producers will be beneficial, but not risky for Russian producers and entrepreneurs. In addition, it will create positive conditions for transition from Soviet centralized to market economy. Russia would also benefit from the labor market of its neighbors, as Russia’s own demographic situation is worse than in Kazakhstan and its population is aging.It is also working on North and South stream gas pipelines to bypass such transit countries, such as Ukraine. Thus, a union with some of its neighbors would ensure protection of Russia’s interests and concessional conditions for pipelines placement. In addition to traditional argument on competition for the regional dominance in the Central Asia, a union would solve some tensions between Russia and neighboring states regarding debt payment for gas supply, political influence and alliances creat ion.However, some experts were more skeptical. â€Å"Some businesses are likely to move to the neighboring states, like Kazakhstan, where the investment climate is more favorable,† said Alexei Devyatov, the chief economist at Ural Sib Capital (Adelaja, 2012, p. 2). Russia might also lose from the opening of it market to the labor from Kazakhstan and Belarus, as Russia also has a huge population of unskilled and unqualified population hat will be left out from participation in the marked taken over by foreign nationals.Considering positions of the Customs Union member states expressed above, it is crucial to consider what regulations or conditions influenced Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in their decision to access WTO. What does the World Trade Organization is? The WTO is a network of agreements. It unites states around the world into a single system and regulates their trade relations. The WTO member states may chose the degree if integration, but should aspire to opening o f deeper and wider access to domestic markets. The WTO member states are allowed to create the regional agreements and unions within the organization.General goal of the organization is free trade and liberalization of the economies. As it was mentioned above, the Customs Union between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan was also created to facilitate liberalization and decrease trade barriers without fully abolishing tariffs. The WTO does not require elimination of borders, unlike the customs union that stipulates common border and single economic space. Thus, the Customs Union requires deeper integration of its member states than primary WTO accession documents.The decision to create the Customs Union between three states could signal willingness to engage in deeper cooperation and integration, and thus, the WTO accession provides access to more states willing to cooperate and a platform for finding new â€Å"friends†. Creation of the Customs union with outside WTO partners can also be a sign that the state relies on partners who do not necessarily share the idea of free trade on global level. Interestingly, with the creation of the Customs Union, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus enhanced WTO accession process.In this case, the creation of the trade liberalization institution could be an illustration of states’ readiness to access the WTO and negotiate conditions. The main reason of the WTO accession for many states is said to be a wide access to foreign markets and integration into a global club of â€Å"advanced† nations. Some of the advantages are improved competition that ensures supply of qualified products, attraction of more foreign investors to the country, securing their interests and protection by legislation common in the WTO space, as well as lowering the costs of running business. According to General benefits from WTO (n. d. , however, there are also some disadvantages of being a WTO member, such as limited abilities to protect in fant industries, inability to compete with advanced economies, prohibition of governmental subsidies and elimination of fixed currency rates (p. 1). Economies of state applicants for the WTO accession should be ready for a drastic change and shock therapies. Even with the transitional period, the changes brought by the WTO accession and commitments made by states are significant. Russia was the only Security Council and G8 member not on the WTO, thus its accession was a requirement to be fully admitted as one of the superpowers.Putin and other Russian governmental officials assured other Customs Union member states that with the accession of Russia to the WTO, it is still going to preserve the Customs Union and keep close relations with Belarus and Kazakhstan. Furthermore, Russia has promised promotion of two countries in their accession to the WTO. Experts believe that Russia will not abandon its partners, as it is still interested in integration of the post-Soviet states, and will not give up on the struggle for domination in the region.Therefore, even after the WTO accession it is not efficient for Russia to exclude Kazakhstan and Belarus from its foreign policy. In case Kazakhstan is left outside of the WTO, it will become a reliable partner of Russia outside of the organization. While Belarus can be more reluctant in implementation of the agreement reached before the WTO accession. Thus, Russia will probably use more force to get Belarus remain in the union. Since Russia dominates in the union, in case all member states access the WTO, Russia will be established as a single power in the region that decides on economic and political processes.Other states will be bound by obligations under the agreements, and since their accession comes after Russia, it is most likely that they will negotiate similar if not the same tariffs as Russia did. Considering unequal political positions of the Customs Union member states, and economic ties prior to the creation of the Union that did not directly contributed to the establishment of the union, it can be assumed that the Customs Union was created as a demonstration of the commitment to the trade liberalization and aspiration to be a part of the globalized world.It is also important to mention that it is a Russian-led union and neither economies of its partner states or their political leadership are sufficiently competitive to challenge Russian industries, market and politics. Russia played very important role in the promotion of the idea of the union, and the Customs Union could become the first effectively working regional integration mechanism on the post-Soviet space. However, since Russia aspired to join the WTO, Customs Union member states have to catch up and also join the club, although they might be less interested in it than Russia.Bibliography Adelaja, T. (2012). Putinomics Abroad. Russia Profile, Section: Politics. Retrieved November 16, 2012 http://russiaprofile. org/politics/57118/ print_edition/ Krotov, I. (2010). Customs Union between the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Community. World Customs Journal, 5 (2). Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://www. worldcustomsjournal. org/media/wcj/-2011/2/Krotov. pdf Prajakti, K. , & Varadzhakov, S. (2012).The Customs Union between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus: First Steps Towards the Rivaval of the Silk Road, Academia, 894. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://cambridge-centralasia. academia. edu/PrajaktiKalra/Papers/472081/The_Customs_Union_between_Russia_Kazakhstan_and_Belarus_First_Steps_towards_the_Revival_of_the_Silk_Road Zagorski, A. (2012). Russia's neighbourhood policy. European Union Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://www. iss. europa. eu/publications/detail/article/russias-neighbourhood-policy/Zlatkin, I. (2012). A Sovereign Surge, Not a Soviet Resurgence: The Mutualism of E urasian Reintegration. SRAS, The Journal of Russia and Asian Studies. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from http://www. sras. org/a_sovereign_surge_not_a_soviet_resurgence_the_mutualism_of_eurasian_reintegration IXGV, Financial News, â€Å"Russia, Belarus, Kazakh customs union will benefit enterprises in Asia†. (2012). p. 1. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from http://www. ixgw. com/2012/05/russia-belarus-kazakh-customs-union-will-benefit-enterprises-in-asia/Astana Economic Forum, News, â€Å"Nursultan Nazarbayev  «Eurasian Union: from idea to the history of the future »Ã¢â‚¬ , (n. d. ), pp. 1 – 10. Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://aef. kz/upload/news/statya%20Nazarbayeva. pdf Belarus Digest, Economy, â€Å"WTO v. Customs Union: Russia Decides†. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 17, 2012, from http://belarusdigest. com/story/wto-v-customs-union-russia-decides-7434 Business Dictionary. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://www. businessdiction ary. com/definition/customs-union. htmlEmbassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Discover Kazakhstan, Economy, â€Å"Accession to the WTO†, (n. d. ). Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://www. kazakhembus. com/page/wto-accession The Fish Site, News and Analysis, â€Å"Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus Keep Customs Union†, (2012). p. 1. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://www. thefishsite. com/fishnews/17679/russia-kazakhstan-belarus-keep-customs-union U. S. A. Poultry and Eggs Export Council, News, Analysis, â€Å"Russia's Inevitable Customs Union in Central Asia†. (2012). pp. 1 – 3. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from http://www. usapeec. kz/en/news/10204/

During The 19Th Century, Feminism Had A Significant Effect

During the 19th century, Feminism had a significant effect on the women’s role in society and in everyday life. Women got sick of living the homemaker lifestyle, and were getting bored with their typical daily duties, such as cleaning the home and caring for the family full-time. They were also tired of their voices not being relevant regarding community affairs. In result, the decision was made it was time to make a change. It is a well-known fact that men were granted with rights; which mean that women had little to none. Women, exhausted from being viewed as property, wanted equal rights as men, and the same opportunities that men received. Motivated for the rights they believed in, the beginning of the Feminist Movement, also known as†¦show more content†¦The first wave of feminism in the United States related to other reform movements, such as abolition and temperance, and gave voice to many now-famous activists, including Elizabeth Stanton herself, and Sojourner Truth (Rampton). The first-wave was said to have ended when the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed, granting women the right to vote (Conger). This major victory of the movement also included reforms in education, in the workplace and professions, and in healthcare (Conger). Stanton’s mention, â€Å"The demand we to-day make, is not the idiosyncrasy of a few discontented minds, but a universal movement† is a key notion to the future of feminism (Stanton). The first-wave of feminism was the start to the movement, however, without the second-wave, where feminism would be in current times would be questionable, for each wave is connected and dependent on the other’s history. The second wave of feminism, known as the Women’s Liberation Movement, began in the 1960s and continued into the 90’s (Rampton). The second wave was a strong, political and social movement that helped to improve the lives of women. This wave prolonged in the perspective of the anti-war and civil rights movements and the growing self-consciousness of a variety of minority groups around the world (Rampton). Like the anti-slavery movement of the nineteenth century, the modern civil rightsShow MoreRelatedFeminism Throughout History1698 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism Throughout history, women around the globe have been struggling to gain rights that are equal to men in the society. Women have been struggling to obtain respect, equality, and the same rights men have in the society. However, this has been difficult to them because of patriarchy, an ideology whereby, men are always considered to be superior to women, and have the right to control women. This thought has spread widely among the social structures of the society around the globe and thisRead MoreFeminism : Women And Women1316 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I need feminism because my mother prays that I marry a successful man more than she prays that I become successful† (Unknown). According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary, feminism is the belief that women and men should have equal rights and opportunities. The feminist revolution has come a long way, yet women are still being viewed as beneath men. Unfortunately, we are still living in a male dominated society. The work th at is done by a man is still being seen as more significant and worthwhileRead MoreA Vindication Of The Rights Of Women1350 Words   |  6 Pagesbarriers broken within London, but they became very influential to the future of the liberation movement for women. Interestingly enough, they are believed to be one of the erectors of modern day feminism. Mary Wollstonecraft was an ebullient advocate for women’s rights during the Enlightenment. During this time period, Wollstonecraft taught a new philosophy regarding women and the importance of education. The Enlightenment was a time for reasoning and rational thinking regarding subjects such asRead More Feminist Approaches to Social Work1641 Words   |  7 PagesIt will first look at the different types of feminism that are present in society. It will then trace and highlight the emergence of feminism in society. This essay will then delve deeper into the different types of approaches that were taken on by feminists within the f ield of social work. It will discuss what effect these approaches had on society especially women. According to Hooks (2000) as cited in Considine and Dukelow (2009:141) â€Å"Feminism is a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitationRead More`` Like A Girl `` Is Not An Insult1481 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 2015 Super Bowl, Always, Proctor and Gamble’s line of feminine hygiene products, aired a simple but powerful and sobering one-minute advertisement. This ad aimed to provoke intellectual thought and conversation surrounding negative gender stereotypes by taking the idiomatic phrase, â€Å"like a girl,† and re-appropriating it to show viewers that doing or performing something â€Å"like a girl† is not an insult. The argument made was that â€Å"like a girl† is not a derogatory phrase, and should not beRead MoreNegative Impacts Of Nationalism1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nationalist movement began during French Revolution when country men rallied together to go to war against Communism. Nationalism was invented in Europe by intellectuals who wer e inspired by Napoleons conquest. This ideology to changed people’s perspective about what their country meant to them. Unified States such as Italy, Germany were created during a great migration that formed unified states. Instead of the smaller societies people once lived in became a nation of individuals in certainRead MoreWomen s Rights By Doris Humphrey And Ruth St. Denis1660 Words   |  7 Pageswomen’s rights. Using dance, they significantly contributed to the Feminist movement in which they embraced self-expression and creativity so that women could be acknowledged in the dance field and in the society as a whole. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, they found for women’s rights by â€Å"taking dance to a new form, and creating dances to speak directly and intimately to the viewer† (Au 89). Loie Fuller, Doris Humphrey, and Ruth St. Denis demonstrated the transformation ofRead MoreChanging Roles Of Women During The 1920s1590 Wo rds   |  7 Pages1920s had a big impact on American life all around; however, one of the biggest changes during this time period was in the roles of women. During this time period, women started dressing different, leaving the house, getting jobs, and gaining rights. On top of all of that, they had a bigger role in education, they began taking parts in politics, and divorce became more of a common thing. This may not seem like a big deal to people today, but this was very important at the time. Prior, women had nextRead MoreAre gender differences still prevalent in todays society?1300 Words   |  6 Pagesroles in the 19th century, the Based on the roles that the husband and wife played during that era. Women had no rights and some wanted freedom and a voice. Kate Chopin became that voice. Love and passion, marriage and independence, freedom and restraint - these are themes of her work distinctively realized in story after story. http://www.loyno.edu/~kchopin/new/women/motherhood.html Women in the 19th century, whom are considered adults, married by the age of twenty-one, they had fewer socialRead MoreWomen s Rights Movement During The 20th Century2104 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the 20th century, the women’s rights movement changed the role of women in society for the better, causing a change in the traditional gender roles that culture dictated before the turn of the century. Women won the right to vote in 1919, which was a major turning point in the respect of women as equal members of society as compared to men. In addition to this newfound right, women also took steps to become part of the work force rather than stay home and raise the children like traditional

A Rose For Emily And Barn Burning By William Faulkner

In A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning, William Faulkner creates two characters worthy of comparison. Emily Grierson, a recluse from Jefferson, Mississippi, is an important figure in the town, despite spending most of her life in seclusion. On the contrary, Abner Snopes is a loud, fiery-tempered man that most people tend to avoid. If these characters are judged by reputation and outward appearance only, the conclusion would be that Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes are complete opposites. However, despite the external differences, these two characters have surprisingly similar personalities. Even though they are at the extreme ends of the social spectrum, Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes have something in common-they are both outsiders in the communities they live in. Colonel Grierson limits the people Miss Emily is allowed to see and to the point that she has no friends or even acquaintances. So after her father dies, she does not know anyone and has no idea how to socialize and make friends. Just as Miss Emily is isolated from the townspeople, they feel isolated from her. She is thought of not as someone to befriend, but as a member of the aristocracy, like a princess or queen of the town. She is far removed from the rest of society. As usual, common townspeople do not socialize with the high-class citizens, so neither does the community get to know Miss Emily. The town puts together rumors they hear and forms the story of her life. At her funeral, all the people comeShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily And Barn Burning By William C. Faulkner949 Words   |  4 PagesSome o f the most unique short stories were written by William C. Faulkner who embodied the Southern sensibility, and to this day his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Faulkner was born from a rich family who had accumulated wealth before the Civil War, but like many families in the South they had lost all of it during the conflict. His family moved to Oxford, Mississippi which is the basis for the fictional town of Jefferson in most of his stories from Yoknapatawpha County. Faulkner’s storiesRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily And A Barn Burning1447 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent stories from the author William Faulkner. These two stories are A Rose for Emily and a Barn Burning. Faulkner s short stories are known to be teeming with symbolism, however, this paper will be covering six of the most compelling symbols. The symbols found in Rose for Emily are the house, the corpse, and the rose. In Barn Burning, the wagon, rug and blood will be discussed. The first symbol, found in A Rose for Emily, is the house where Emily and her father live. This houseRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily And Barn Burning863 Words   |  4 Pagesprevious traditions relevancy. William Faulkner, author of stories: â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning† represent the processes of perception through the struggle between traditions and personal values. William Faulkner s two short stories, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning†, share similar structure plots of these two different stories, sharing a relatable theme on the effects of a father’s teaching and the impact it has on their children. The protagonists Miss Emily and Sarty are shown makingRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily And Barn Burning796 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner has said that when you are writing a novel, there is a lot of room to add some fluff and be a bit careless with your ideas, but when writing a short story there is no room for â€Å"trash†, as he calls it. However, this can be a tough thing to do when you have a lot to say. Even Faulkner could have difficulty following along with his beliefs. After having read and considered A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning, I do believe that William Faulkner has been true to his beliefs in both of theseRead More William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning Ess ay1106 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning If we compare William Faulkners two short stories, A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning, he structures the plots of these two stories differently. However, both of the stories note the effect of a father ¡Ã‚ ¦s teaching, and in both the protagonists Miss Emily and Sarty make their own decisions about their lives. The stories present major ideaRead MoreEssay on A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning856 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner some would say was one of the great writers of American literature during the twentieth century. His stories many times had a gothic plot and contained odd or supernatural ideas and characters. He had many notable works, two of which were â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning†. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning† are similar in the way that William Faulkner portrays the characters and the tone he uses in both. Emily the main character in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Sartoris theRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Barn Burning and A Rose for Emily1141 Words   |  5 PagesHunter Taylor Dr. William Bedford English 1102-011 10 September 2013 Comparing and Contrasting â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning† In William Faulkner’s short stories â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning† the characters are both guilty of committing terrible crimes. However, Miss Emily in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Abner Snopes in â€Å"Barn Burning† are both portrayed very differently from each other. A few things to consider while reading these short stories is how each of these characters is characterizedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1138 Words   |  5 Pagespity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.† With these words, American author William Faulkner described the duty of an author in his Noble Prize acceptance speech. Under further examination of Faulkner’s works, one would expect to find that he followed his own job description. However, two of his most well-known short stories seem to be contradicting. Neither â€Å"A Rose for Emily† nor â€Å"Barn Burning† is uplifting because the protagonists strugg le with their communities, loyalty to their fathersRead MoreComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily1352 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily William Faulkner has written some of the most unique novels and short stories of any author, and, to this day, his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Both â€Å"Barn Burning† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† tell about the life of southern people and their struggles with society, but Faulkner used the dramatic settings of these two stories to create a mood unlike any other and make the audience feel like they too were a part of these southernRead MoreWilliam Faulkner’s Barn Burning and A Rose for Emily Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Barn Burning† is a story filled with myth. This coming of age story features a boy stuck in a family with a father who can be thought of as Satan, and can be easily seen as connected to myths of Zeus and Cronus. The connection to Zeus is further elaborated when William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is also considered. These two stories along with a few others provided an amazing v iew of the south. Many characters or families can be viewed as groups that lived in the south during

The Problem Of Electronic Pollution Essay - 1642 Words

Each year more than 20-50 million tons of e-waste is generated worldwide, more than 100,000 tons of which is exported from the UK and the US to other third world countries (Phys 1). A large portion of e-waste is transported to small cities in China and India (Phys 1). There are more than 7.4 billion people in the world in the year 2016 and we are polluting the world more and more every single day. There are hundreds of ways in which humankind are hurting the world, for example, air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, and electronic pollution or e-waste as it is known. The one that I am most worried about myself, is the growing problem of electronic pollution. There are some ways in which the world is dealing with the problem but they aren’t effective enough to make a large enough difference to this ever growing problem. I will propose a new plan along with a set of laws to tackle the growing crisis that goes along with e-waste, and hopefully, help to contain the issue. First of all, we have to know what electronic pollution is and how it is even created if we are going to be able to work towards handling this issue. The dictionary definition of pollution is the action or process of making land, water, air, etc., dirty and not safe or suitable to use (Phys 1). Now if you add electronics to that, you will get the process of creating far too many electronics to be recycled. This is not a good thing, because this causes the land, and water, of many places across theShow MoreRelated Solutions to E- waste problem Essay997 Words   |  4 Pages Consequently, in our disposable age most apparatus turn into aged ones in a couple of years or even months. This is one of the reasons why electronic devices become waste. E-waste is discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken electronic devices or apparatuses. Most environment protection organizations maintain that e-waste induces health and pollution problems. The primary reason for this view is that almost all of t he electric devices contain hazardous substances which are toxic and are not biodegradableRead MoreElectronic Items and E-waste898 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction: Did you know that electronic items are the most interesting recent day? They like to have the newest products from different companies that they addicted to such as Apple, Nokia, Samsung, Sony†¦..etc. But, do you know that 40 million of e-waste produced each years are mostly from developing country , The UNEP says that e-waste cause lots of problem to undeveloped country and has an impact on their life and environment. (McAllister,2013). Consumers like to have the newest productRead MoreEssay On Air Pollution1066 Words   |  5 PagesChapter One- Pollution Have you even wondered about how much we hurt the environment? Probably not, most people don’t realize this. Humans depend on the environment so much, but we take it for granted. We hurt the environment every since time we leave the lights on, drop things in the sewer, or when we don’t recycle. You may ask, how can doing these little mistakes affect something so huge. Well this chapter is gonna change your mind. Air Pollution Air pollution is a majorRead MoreChina is an Economic Giant in a World of Environmental Challenges1229 Words   |  5 Pagesof economic growth like a skyrocket (See Figure 1), China has become an economic giant in world but at a disastrous cost --- environmental challenges. The poor treatment of industrial spills and different other major kinds of wastes, specifically electronic waste, plastic wastes and food wastes. FIGURE 1. Growth of China’s gross domestic products. To begin with an overall image of how trash is handled in China. Generally, people do not classify their trash at home; recyclable and regular wasteRead MoreOrganization Of Reduce E Waste973 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironmental organization, my mission is to promote the construction, do a reality, a continuous development of society. Therefore, it is the deep concern of nature; to solve our environmental problems is a big part of the task. In particular, the global warming may be the most serious environmental problems we face today. Therefore, in our efforts to fight global warming as an organization, we made a commitment, efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, the main cause of global warming. ThisRead MoreThe Problem Of E Waste1718 Words   |  7 Pagesthe people. However, technology has also presented significant challenges that have threatened the lives of the people and the use of such innovations. In this regard, electronic waste commonly referred to as â€Å"e-waste † is one of the biggest challenges facing people all over the world for the production of the electrical and electronic equipment has been growing rapidly in the past decades. Therefore, the rise in demand for this equipment and the high obsolete rate has made e-waste of the fastest growingRead MoreImportance Of Water Pollution Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesTwo-Thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered in water. As the Earth’s population continually increases, we are putting too much stress on our water sources. The environmental campaign organization WWF states,  Pollution from toxic chemicals threatens life on this planet. Every ocean and every continent, from the tropics to the once-pristine polar regions, is contaminated. In Indonesia, the Citarum River is the most polluted river in the world. 5 million people live in the river’s basin and manyRead More Solutions to the Problem of Electronic Waste Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesdisasters like elect ronics waste which cause serious health and environment pollution problems. E-waste- is a type of waste that contains obsolete or non-working electronic and electrical devices. Electronic waste can have a high level of danger because of contaminants like mercury, beryllium, cadmium, lead and brominated flame retardants discharging of which into environment may lead to formation of defeat and to pollution of surroundings. Methods of each country to solve this problem are differentRead MoreWhat Makes The Geography Enjoyable?1450 Words   |  6 Pagesway of a train station or bus stop. Another form of transportation is that our vehicles are all solar powered. All of our energy comes from our solar panels, wind turbines, and incinerator complexes. We don’t control our city’s pollution because we have little to no pollution. The education system in our city is Pre-k through College. The health care in our city is cheap, and as a bonus people that are elderly, newborn, and that have low income get free insurance for health care. These inn ovationsRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Human And Animal Life1067 Words   |  5 Pagesmany environmental problems that have already appeared and can be attributed to technology. The problems include overpopulation, pollution, greenhouse gas effects and nuclear flotsam. The author suggests these factors will become more serious in future. Therefore, people s intrinsic greediness and undying and everlasting dissatisfaction will lead to perdition. Technology has made family relations to be very weak. Most family members tend to be more attached to electronic gadgets hence cannot

Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Advancing a Conceptual

Question: Discuss about a Essay on Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality? Answer: Introduction This report is based on various philosophies and concepts on working in partnership in health and social care sector. The said report is based on an analysis of a serious case review relating to the death of Adult A by the Adult Safeguarding Partnership (TASP). The report is made with an intention to provide study material to the agencies that work for the health and social care of the adults to recommend and provide the agencies with a action plan to prevent similar events that cause the death of an individual. The report also highlights the necessity to work in partnership when one is engaged in the health and social care sector. In fact, the report signifies that partnership is essential between that patients suffering from various disorders and the professionals analysing their conditions with the help of various tests and observation. Philosophies and concepts of working in partnership in health and social care The primary philosophy of working in partnership refers to a set of rules and beliefs that a health and social agencies develops while working together with the other heath organisations (Sines, Saunders and Forbes-Burford 2013). It signifies the coming together of different health and social organisations with an intend to form a constructive partnership with the individuals that require the help of these health organisations and agencies. In the present case study, the death of Adult A is reviewed by a Tameside Adult Safeguarding Partnership (TASP) to figure out ways to prevent similar incidents from re-occurrence. There are various philosophies of working in partnership related to the health and social care sectors. Some of such philosophies are as stated below: Independence Independence refers to a persons ability to take important decisions by himself. It is therefore, the duty of all the health agencies to provide the disabled with such independence with the help of proper guidance and care (Wilson and Game 2011). Empowerment Empowerment refers to improving a persons ability to control his life. Therefore, the health agencies follow this philosophy to provide the disabled with proper guidance to feel secure in their life. Respect It is the primary duty of the health agencies to ensure that the disabled individuals in the society are respected and the same can be done so by providing them with adequate knowledge of proper medical and health care and guiding them enough to take proper decisions relating to their heath. This, in return, will make them stable and accepted in the society as a whole. Autonomy The health agencies need to work in partnership to provide a more comfortable environment where a disable individual feels free to express his thoughts and ideas. This will help an disabled person in identifying the areas and sectors where he can excel and be successful. Therefore following autonomy as a philosophy to work in partnership in the health sectors is essential (Glasby and Dickinson 2014). Quality Information As the work of health agencies even though being popular is usually ignored by many disabled people and their families, it gets important that the health agencies create awareness about their work by providing quality information about their policies and practices. With the help of such awareness, the health agencies will be able to help and safeguard the interest of more disabled individuals and their families. However, it is important for the society in large to be aware of the partnership work which these health agencies carry out (Petch, Cook and Miller 2013). These philosophies do not set ground rules on how the disabled individuals or the society should behave. Instead it provides for a framework for analysis the drawbacks and loopholes and overcoming the same keeping in mind the best interest of the disabled and the society. These philosophies provide the need to look into various kinds of harassment issues, which an individual faces due to his disability, and remedy the condition applying ethics and morals to the way we look at the said issue (Stuckler and Nestle 2012). Partnership relationships within health and social care This is one of the most important sector in the health and social care sector, It basically refers to the essence which is needed to form a strong organisation and agencies related to health welfare in United Kingdom. The section describes the relationship, which a heath care organisation or agencies need to maintain with each of its service users (Parton and Berridge 2011). This relationship defines the basic structure and the success of every health care agencies and organisation. The primary principle in which the relationship between an individual involved with health care organisation and a service user should be based is on negotiation. This is a principle, which will allow both the parties namely the organisational volunteers and the service users to work together and in an efficient and cooperative manner. It is necessary to analysis the relationship between the said two parties and the best method to do the same is to allow both to believe that they work for each others welf are and overcome certain social barriers to provide emotional, medical and technical help to the people who are unhealthy (Roland, Guthrie and Thom 2012). The best way to help the disabled is that health care organisations and agencies used expert knowledge and help to provide various kind of assistance to the disable people in the society. This assistance involves philosophical, mental, social and financial assistance, which will help the disable people to grow and live a more respected life in the society. Some of the service users who seek help from various health care organisations and agencies are affected with complex health issue or other issue, which are complicated in nature. For resolving the same, the individuals involved in the health organisations can use a non-hierarchy method of relationship to help the disabled in their complex needs (Wilson, Seymour and Perkins 2010). Another way to help the health related issues and people in the society is to maintain good relationships with all the health and social care organisations and agencies who work for the same common interest at a local, national and global level. Maintaining good relationships will help the organisation to form one combined union which will help the disabled in the society or the people suffering with health issue in a more joint and collective manner. For a more successful way to form a unified structure of an organisation to help the disabled, the organisations and agencies working in the said health care sector should work together without any envy and negligence from the work of the other organisations and at the same time be ready and willing to share the information they contain related to a particular case with the other organisations and agencies dealing with similar issues (Richardson 2010). In short, the conclusion here is that every organisation should maintain a friendly relationship with the service users to make the service users feel comfortable and secure. At the same time, the organisation should also maintain cordially relationships with other organisations and agencies working for the welfare of the health and society at a local, national or global level (Great Britain Department of Health 2012). Models of partnerships working across the health and social care sector The law in United Kingdom provides for various functional and academic models in executing effective partnership in handling health and social care sector. The various models are identifies below:- Functional Model The functional model is the most practical and popular model of partnership work in the health and social care sector. The said model includes local health and social care strategic partnerships (Andrews and Entwistle 2010). The Local Strategic Partnerships in Health care are formulated with the primary intention to unite all the important health care organisations and agencies for improving health and social care facilities in a particular area. Another technique for improving local health and social care in the said model is with the help of local health care and social agreements. The local health care and social agreements go further in providing a more secure safeguard to health and social care as they are affiliated with the central government of United Kingdom. The said agreement is formed by an association of the local health agencies and organisation with the central government. These agreements are provide a framework , objective and the idea which the gov ernment plans to achieve with adequate funding and conducting innovative ways to protect and safeguard the health and social care in United Kingdom (Druss and Mauer 2010). Academic Model Academic model is more independent compared to the functional model and it provides for a separate model called the unified model. The features of an unified model is that it consists of a single trust which has a separate and an independent financial sources to fund its activities and the said trust follows its own rules, ideas and contains its independent objective, aims and motives to promote health and social care (Care Quality Commission 2010). Coordinate Model The coordinate model of working in partnership with regards to health and social care sector provides a model which builds a self-governing model for providing, promoting and managing the health and social care. This model is adopted mostly by the local government agencies that work for the welfare of the health and social care. This model has a separate hierarchy and the separate entity and trusts work under the said model to help and promote health and social care in the society (Haubenhofer et al. 2010). Alliance Model The alliance model is based on the concept of working for health and social care in partnership with the help of an agreement. This model helps the health care agencies to operate foe their own interest with a common purpose of health and social care promotion. This model makes it possible to achieve a largest group of agencies and organisation to come together as it allows an local health agency or organisation to have alliance with other similar health agencies and organisation with the intention to achieve greater health care (Billis 2010). Unified Model - This model of partnership can be obtained by applying a non-commercial research model to obtain a license by submitting an abstract relating to the proposed research model. For official use, operational license is provided depending on the role of the user. This model provides a combined single trust which is having single financial system and one strategic direction in giving health, care to the service users. LSP Model Local Strategic Partnership helps in bringing their representatives together from all sectors. The main aim of this model of partnership helps people to work together in a joint community. The structure of an LSP is flexible and helps in attaining the main aim of an organisation. This model helps involves a lot of other people in the process of learning. Coalition Model - This type of model helps in improving the social and health care of the people. The coalition model believes in empowerment, independence, freedom and respect. These factors help in achieving more transparency in the organisation. It also enables the organisation in improving the quality of care that is provided to the service users. This model enable health care organisations to work corporately based on agreement and to operate based on its own self-interst. Hybrid Model This organisation is operated strategically under a combined model in enabling the health care services to work effectively. Coordinated Model This model helps the partnership agencies to operate in a free way while many individuals work taking help from other people. Local Government led partnerships are having this model. Integrated single structure cannot be seen in coordinated model and their functionality. Legislation and organisational practices and policies for partnership in health and social care The health and social agencies and organisations work in partnership to protect the children, youth, adults, disabled and physically and mentally disturbed individuals in the society. The law of United Kingdom also has made certain legislation for the protection of such individuals. These legislations help the health and social care agencies in their welfare activities and practices. Some important legislations which help the health care sector are as follows:- The Health and Social Care Act, 2012 The said Act helps in promoting, enhancing and improving the quality of care provide to the various individuals and groups who require protection under the health and social care sector. Mental Capacity Act, 2005 This Act helps to unite all the agencies working for the health and social welfare of the people with mental disability and work together n partnership to promote their welfare (Rosen, Goodwin and Dixon 2010). Care Standard Act, 2000 The said Act is one of the most primary legislation in United Kingdom that supports the health and social care sector. The said Act provides for ground rules on management and operations of various health care organisations in United Kingdom. The Act rules need to be complied by every establishment in the heath care sector. Children Act, 2004 The said Act makes provisions that allow the local authorities to work in association with the various health and social care agencies and organisation that work for the welfare of children in United Kingdom (Department of Health 2010). For achieving the best results for health and social welfare in a society, it is important that the international, national, regional and local organisations and agencies with common purpose of social and health welfare work together to promote health care. The government needs to take control of the health and social care sector to analysis whether the work of the various health and social organisation is complying with the statutory requirements set by the form of various legislations formed in United Kingdom. In the present case, the death of Adult A was a topic of conducting a serious case review for finding the mistakes and preventing such deaths for re-occurrence (Care Quality Commission 2012). The said report if reviewed by the government can provide recommendations from skilled professionals to combat the re-occurrence of similar events. Differences in working practices across the health and social care sector Since various legislations are passed in United Kingdom about the health and social care sector, the implementation of the same, may differ from local, regional to national health and social care agencies (Aarons, Hurlburt and Horwitz 2011). The most primary differences that arise in the policies of various health and social care organisations include the difference in their objective and aim; difference in the roles and responsibilities of the organisation, Structural differences between various organisations. A national health care organisation can have a different model structure for its working compared to an organisation working on a local level. In the same way, different organisation working in different parts of the United Kingdom may adopt different cultural ideas and values for the working of the organisation. Thus, cultural difference is another difference that affects various health and social care organisations in United Kingdom. In the present case, the heath care agencies that Adult A was connected with had their own self-regulating policies and procedures (Boyle 2011). They lacked a common policy and procedure. This is one reason that added to the tragic result of Adults A death. The same could have been prevented if the said heath organisation followed one policy. The professionals engaged in the said organisation failed in complying with their duty to safeguard the interest of a disabled individual resulting into his death (Shaw, Rosen and Rumbold 2011). Outcomes of partnership working for use of services professionals and organisations With reference to the Adult A case review, the outcome of partnership working could be analysed by observing that the death of Adult A was a result of inefficiency of the service user (Adult A), the professionals and the organisational structure. Service User Adult A was suffering from harassment since a very long period and he was unable to efficiently handle the harassment, which finally resulted into his death. Adult A had learning disabilities and yet his name was not mentioned in the Learning Disability Register. He was not provided access to certain services which was discriminatory in nature (Oliver, Sapey and Thomas 2012). Professionals The professionals in the organisation which Adult A was connected with failed to conduct regular tests and diagnosis of Adult A. They failed in taking quick and effective prevention of the harassment he was suffering. The professionals in the organisation failed to calculate the risk that Adult A suffered and failed to safeguard his interests. Organisational Structure The health organisation, which Adult A was connected with, failed to follow a common policy and procedure. The organisations failed to conduct an adequate follow up of the medicals needs of the service users. Criminal Justice Services failed to protect Adult A. The failure of the organisation to understand the risk that Adult A and his family faced by their oppressors, which clearly makes it obvious that they failed in their duty to safeguard and protect the interest of Adult A contributing to his death (West 2012). Barriers to partnership working in health and social care Working in partnership with regards to health and social care sector can cause various difficulties. The primary objective of the partnership and the commitment of the partners may be few of the primary difficulties that affect the smooth and efficient working of a partnership agency. However, there are many other difficulties, which a partnership agency working jointly for the welfare of health and social care sector can face. Some of the said difficulties are as follows:- The responsibilities and the roles of professionals including the partners, working within the agencies are undefined. This makes it clear that the partners are unaware of their roles, which provides of division of power between them. This results in duplication of work conducted by an organisation, which is time-consuming. The partners need to form a transparent mode of working for effective and quick results of health issues of the service users (Steele and Cylus 2012). Inefficiency in time commitment by the partners is another barrier in the smooth running of partnership. Since partners have to take time out for being involved with the health and social care sector, they take a longer period to adjust with the new responsibility and role proving inefficiency in time commitments at a earlier stage. However, the said barrier needs is resolved when a partner learns to mange his time for working with the said heath and social care sector. Every form of partnership attracts different of opinion and philosophies. However, difference of opinion and observation of different working philosophies by different partners adversely affects the efficiency of the partnership goal to promote health welfare. The partners need to overcome their internal issues and conflicts to achieve better results for health and social care promotion (Glasby 2012). One of the major drawbacks of a partnership organisation working for the welfare health care is that they choose to work independently and fail to provide information and important data to other health organisation. It is important to create awareness about the importance of combined efforts on a national and international level to combat health issues. Thus, the lack of working as one common organisation as a whole with ultimate aim to promote health care is a major barrier to partnership working and health care The lack of proper training among the different partnership organisation regarding the health and medical care issues is another barrier that makes the partnership organisation inefficient. Every professional and individual involved with the partnerships that related to working with the health care sector require adequate knowledge and training of medical and health care facilities to help the service users in the best way possible (Marmot et al. 2012). Lastly, lack of one common strategy to be followed by the partnership organisation, which also in the present case resulted in the death of Adult A is a significant barrier in the working of the health and social care sector. Different agencies follow different guidelines and sometimes a single partnership entity or a trust is engaged in following different guidelines or rules to work with different service users. This caused major inefficient and the results are very tragic like that of Adult A (World Bank Group 2012). Strategies to improve outcomes for partnership working in health and social care services After the analysis of the Adult A review, the following strategies need to be adopted to improve the outcome of partnership working in health and social care sector. Empowerment of a disabled person is very crucial as it allows an individual to make his own decisions. In the present case, Adult A should have been promoted to make his own decisions and be accountable for the same. The health care organisations need to indentify the true need and requirements of every service user that comes to them and after judging and analyse his needs, find an appropriate solution to protect and safeguard the service user (Wallerstein and Duran 2010). Conclusion There are various philosophies, models and concept of working in partnership with regards to health and social care sector. Most of these philosophies and models provide positive and efficient outcome to promote health care. However, it is important to follow and comply with the legislation set in the United Kingdom for health care along with creating an efficient and effective partnership working in the health and social care sector. Certain difficulties or barriers may come cause inefficiency in the working of such partnership organisation, however, with help of innovative measures one can combat the barriers and promote health care nationally and globally. 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